Dexmedetomidine an Adjuvant to Levobupivacaine in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: A Randomized Double Blind Prospective Study

BACKGROUND Apha-2 agonists are combined with local anesthetics to extend the duration of regional anesthesia. We evaluated the effect of combining dexmedetomidine with levobupivacine with respect to duration of motor and sensory block and duration of analgesia. METHODS Sixty patients scheduled for elective forearm and hand surgery were divided into two equal groups in a randomized double blind fashion. The patients received brachial plexus block via supraclavicular route with the help of nerve stimulator. In group L (n=30) 35cc of levobupivacaine with 1ml of isotonic saline and in group LD (n=30) 35cc of levobupivacine with 1 ml of (100 microgram) of dexmedetomidine was given. Duration of motor and sensory block and time to first rescue analgesia were recorded. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 16.0 [SPSS Inc ILLINOIS, USA, 2008]. Categorical variables were analyzed using Pearson"s Chi-square test. Normally distributed numerical variables were analyzed using unpaired "t" test. Skewed numerical variables within the group were analyzed using Man-Whitney "U" test. All tests were two tailed. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. RESULTS Sensory and motor block durations were longer in group LD as compared to L (P<0.01). Duration of analgesia was significantly longer in group LD as compared to group L (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine added to levobupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block prolongs the duration of block and the duration of postoperative analgesia.